근본 원인 분석 (RCA, Root cause analysis)

• Root cause analysis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_cause_analysis)

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving that tries to identify the root causes of faults or problems.[1] A root cause is a cause that once removed from the problem fault sequence, prevents the final undesirable event from recurring. A causal factor is a factor that affects an event's outcome, but is not a root cause. Though removing a causal factor can benefit an outcome, it does not prevent its recurrence for certain. RCA arose in the 1950s as a formal study following the introduction of Kepner-Tregoe Analysis, which had limitations in the highly complex arena of rocket design development and launch in the United States by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). New methods of problem analysis developed by NASA included a high level assessment practice called MORT, and acronym for Management Oversight Risk Tree. MORT differed from RCA by assigning causes to common classes of cause shortcomings, that summarized became a short list. These included work practice, procedures, management, fatigue, time pressure, along with several others. For example, an aircraft accident could occur as a result of weather augmented by pressure to leave on time. Failure to observe weather precautions could indicate a management or training problem, while lack of any weather concern might indict work practices.

• 근본 원인 분석 기법

차이(Variance), 결함 또는 리스크를 유발하는 근본적인 이유를 판별하는데 사용되는 분석기법.
한가지 근본 원인이 여러곳의 차이(Variance), 결함, 리스크를 초래할 수 있다.